Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social – ecological transformation, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 SET) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft sinh th\u00e1i – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tri th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, sang m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Bruckmeier, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3, v\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xanh, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (social-ecologial tranformation SET) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (OECD), n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng 50% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 6.5 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 40% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, khi m\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 65 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEA), n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, khi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 20.000 MW, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO2 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 ra: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kho\u1ea3ng 4.5 t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c “N\u1ec1n Kinh T\u1ebf Xanh” \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 30% s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01a1i \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Unilever, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Unilever \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Unilever (2022), trong n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf g\u1ea7n 100,000 t\u1ea5n bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap Unilever ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xanh, trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ean v\u1eefng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 “Green Deal” c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u00fap Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ——————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the context of climate change, environmental pollution and the depletion of natural resources, socio-ecological transition has become an important and urgent trend to achieve sustainable development. Ecological transition is not only an environmental issue but also involves profound changes in production, consumption patterns and social policies. This is the path towards a healthier future for the planet, reducing pollution and protecting natural resources for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Social-ecological transformation (SET) is an issue that many countries are currently interested in in the process of implementing sustainable development goals. Social-ecological theory has been developed to create knowledge connecting society and nature, thereby helping people to build a theoretical framework for the harmonious development between nature and society. Social-ecological transformation is a new development approach in which there is a shift of the social system, which is relatively separate from the natural system, to a system that harmoniously integrates natural and social factors (Bruckmeier, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Socio-ecological transition brings many practical benefits to both the environment and people. First, the application of green technologies and the use of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and biomass help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby contributing to slowing down the process of climate change. In addition, the transition to a circular economy, in which resources are reused and recycled instead of wasted, also helps reduce waste and pollution of land, water, and air. Another important benefit is the improvement of quality of life. Communities can enjoy clean air, clean water, and a healthy living environment. An efficient, clean public transport system reduces the load on private vehicles, contributes to reducing noise pollution, and makes cities more livable. At the same time, socio-ecological transition also promotes sustainable economic development, creating jobs in green industries, renewable energy, and efficient resource management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The social-ecological transformation approach (SET) has been applied in many socio-economic activities as well as in academic research around the world and in Vietnam .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ecological and social transitions are emerging as an important new direction for pollution reduction and sustainable development. According to a report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), without changes in economic development, global environmental pollution levels will increase by 50% by 2050, and will increase health and environmental costs to more than $6.5 trillion per year. A report by the World Bank has shown that the transition to a green economy can help reduce global carbon emissions by 40% by 2030. This will not only improve air quality but also protect public health, as air pollution causes about 7 million deaths per year worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The socio-ecological transition not only brings environmental benefits but also contributes positively to economic development. United Nations research shows that investing in green industries could create 65 million new jobs globally by 2030. According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), wind and solar energy have created millions of new jobs, while reducing dependence on fossil energy sources. In Vietnam, the renewable energy industry is also growing strongly, with the total wind and solar power capacity in 2023 reaching nearly 20,000 MW, significantly reducing CO2 emissions and creating thousands of jobs in the industry .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In addition, the socio-ecological transformation also helps promote the sustainable development of industries and services. The United Nations report indicates that the development of a circular economy can save about 4.5 billion USD per year globally from recycling and efficient use of resources. In Vietnam, the “Green Economy” strategy is being strongly implemented in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. According to a report by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the implementation of clean and sustainable agricultural models has helped reduce the use of chemicals and pesticides by 30%, while improving product quality, meeting the increasing demands of domestic and foreign markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In addition, the socio-ecological transition has a strong impact on the food industry, which is taking strong steps towards reducing waste and using resources more efficiently. A typical example is the sustainability initiatives of Unilever, one of the world’s largest consumer goods groups. Unilever has committed to reducing CO2 emissions from the production and transportation of its products. The company has also applied a circular production model in recycling plastic packaging and using raw materials from renewable resources. According to Unilever’s sustainability report (2022), in the past year, the company has reduced the amount of plastic used in consumer products by 20% and recycled nearly 100,000 tons of plastic packaging, contributing to reducing plastic waste globally. This initiative not only brings environmental benefits but also helps Unilever save production costs and enhance its image in the eyes of consumers with high demands on environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It can be seen that socio-ecological transformation is an important and necessary strategy to reduce pollution, protect the environment and promote sustainable development. Countries and businesses have begun to clearly recognize the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on human life, and are implementing strong initiatives to minimize the impact of pollution on humans. However, it can be seen that one of the major challenges in socio-ecological transformation is the need to change people’s thinking and behavior in production and consumption. This is a key factor towards a green future, in which people play an important role in making their behavior environmentally friendly. Therefore, changing consumer habits, from recycling, reducing plastic use to choosing environmentally friendly products, requires a major change in each individual’s awareness and behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the same time, the socio-ecological transition requires the cooperation of countries in supporting and promoting the socio-ecological transition towards pollution reduction and sustainable development. Notable among these is the European Union’s “Green Deal” on cooperation between countries, governments and businesses to promote sustainable development and reduce pollution. This is a cooperation project to help Europe become a modern, resource-saving and competitive economy, ensuring: zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, economic growth separated from the use of fossil resources. Thereby, there is a need for cooperation between countries to promote the socio-ecological transition, towards a more sustainable world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thus, we can see that socio-ecological transformation is an inevitable and important process in dealing with current environmental challenges. For the socio-ecological transformation to be effective, solutions need to be implemented in many different areas, from improving production technology to changing consumption habits. At the same time, environmental protection policies and measures also need to be completed and strictly implemented to ensure that all transformation efforts achieve sustainable results. In the context of globalization and climate change that are strongly affecting every country, promoting socio-ecological transformation has become an urgent requirement. Therefore, each country and nation needs to be aware of socio-ecological transformation towards pollution reduction and sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[59,64,43],"class_list":["post-3326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog","tag-chuyen-doi-sinh-thai-xa-hoi","tag-netzero","tag-setycamp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3326"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3330,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326\/revisions\/3330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-15.png\")
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Social – Ecological Transformation: A New Direction for Pollution Reduction and Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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