Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy chu\u1ea9n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt\u201d (kho\u1ea3n 8 \u0110i\u1ec1u 3 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2. 75% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, 66% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch l\u0169y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 85% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Trong khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao, 32 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015. Ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng – t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c canh – \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch san h\u00f4 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1870, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 phong ph\u00fa trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 sinh v\u1eadt l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20%, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1900 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu cao, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m trong 50 n\u0103m qua c\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 25% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cao h\u01a1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh trong 10 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m qua, s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, do c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 92% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Unicef, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 70.000 ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi\u1ebfn cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn 1,4 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t (2024) \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y: S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ebd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i. Trong th\u00e1ng 3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u201cv\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn PM2.5 , c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00edt th\u1edf t\u0103ng 9%. Trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PM2.5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao g\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a WHO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9m l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn PM (c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau) x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tim m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, b\u1ec7nh tim, ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 hen suy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh; tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y ra \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 7% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ca t\u1eed vong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam; ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai v\u00e0 thai nhi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebb non v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n khi sinh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng trong l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p do s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e8n, nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n\u2026 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, g\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00e1nh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kho\u1ea3ng 135 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 do ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t theo hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m do \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh do ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m g\u00e2y ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c \u1edf vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi tr\u00f9ng (Heydari, 2020). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eed vong \u1edf c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua x\u00f3i m\u00f2n do gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kho\u1ea3ng 1,36 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kho\u1ea3ng 1,36 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i t\u0103ng cao. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. G\u1ea7n 80% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng, bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i do s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 hen suy\u1ec5n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3, l\u1ef5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, do vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 virus c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y ra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u hay kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n Entering the 21st century, the issue of environmental pollution is of more concern than ever. The rapid development of the market economy has had a significant impact on the environment, leading to the degradation of many resources, causing serious environmental pollution. The situation of environmental pollution continues to develop complicatedly, with many hot spots, and the quality of the environment in many places has declined sharply. Especially in the process of socio-economic development, many shortcomings have been exposed and created great pressure on the environment, ecosystems and biodiversity of many countries. It can be said that the issue of environmental pollution is the most important and urgent issue today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Law on Environmental Protection defines Environmental Pollution as follows: \u201cEnvironmental pollution is the change of environmental components that is not in accordance with environmental technical regulations and environmental standards, causing adverse effects on humans and living organisms\u201d (Clause 8, Article 3 of the Law on Environmental Protection 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Changes in environmental components can originate from many causes, the main cause of which is pollutants. Pollutants are defined by environmentalists as substances or physical factors that, when present in the environment, cause environmental pollution. The effects of environmental pollution bring about huge changes in climate, causing climate change, negatively affecting the natural ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The report found that: Nature has been significantly altered by human drivers almost everywhere on the planet, with most ecosystem and biodiversity indicators showing a level 2 change. 75% of land areas have been significantly altered, 66% of oceans are experiencing increasing cumulative impacts and more than 85% of wetlands have been lost. While the rate of global deforestation has slowed since 2000, it is unevenly distributed . In most biodiverse tropical regions, 32 million hectares of primary or regenerating forest were lost between 2010 and 2015. The extent of tropical and subtropical forests is increasing in some countries, and the global extent of temperate and coniferous forests is increasing. A range of actions \u2013 from restoring natural forests to planting monocultures \u2013 have contributed to this increase, but these actions have had very different consequences for biodiversity and its contributions to humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n About half of coral cover on coral reefs has been lost since the 1870s, with declines accelerating in recent decades as climate change exacerbates other drivers. The average richness of native species in most major terrestrial biomes has declined by at least 20%, potentially affecting ecosystem processes and thus the contributions of nature to humans; this decline has largely occurred since 1900 and may be accelerating. In areas of high endemism, native biodiversity is often severely impacted by invasive alien species. Population sizes of wild vertebrates have been declining over the past 50 years in terrestrial, freshwater and marine settings. Global trends in insect populations are not known, but rapid declines have been recorded in some locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Human activity threatens more species than ever before, with global extinctions occurring at an unprecedented rate. An average of 25% of all plant and animal species are now considered threatened, suggesting that around 1 million species already face extinction, many of which are at risk of extinction within the next few decades unless action is taken to reduce the intensity of the drivers of biodiversity loss. Otherwise, the rate of global species extinction, which is already at least tens to hundreds of times higher than the average rate over the past 10 million years, will accelerate even further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Along with that, human health is also seriously affected, because production activities have caused serious pollution of land – water – air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Air pollution is a difficult problem for the world in general and Vietnam in particular. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 92% of the population is currently living in polluted air. This has had a huge impact on human life and the natural environment. According to Unicef reports, air pollution is estimated to cause about 7 million deaths globally each year and at least 70,000 deaths each year in Vietnam, causing the average life expectancy to be shortened by 1.4 years .<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Vietnam, the latest Air Pollution Report (2024) showed: The latest air pollution statistics paint a worrying picture. In March, Hanoi residents experienced only one day of \u201cmoderate\u201d air quality, with no \u201cgood\u201d air quality days. Air pollution returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2023, when Vietnam saw a 9% increase in levels of harmful PM2.5 particles in the air we all breathe. On average, Vietnam\u2019s PM2.5 index in 2023 was nearly six times higher than WHO\u2019s recommended level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Poor air quality is a major health risk in Vietnam and globally. Particulate matter or PM (fine particles containing various pollutants and toxins) penetrates deep into the lungs and cardiovascular system of humans. Long-term health risks from prolonged exposure to air pollution include stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Everyone is at risk, but some people are at higher risk than others, including people with lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; children, especially those under 5 years of age, who are at high risk of acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia, which affect lung development and function, causing an estimated 7% of all deaths attributable to air pollution in Vietnam; older people; people with cardiovascular disease and\/or diabetes; people who work or exercise vigorously outdoors; and people who live or work near pollution sources including high-speed highways, demolition and construction sites, industrial zones, open waste incineration sites, and wildfire areas. Pregnant women and their unborn babies face particular risks, with exposure during pregnancy linked to premature birth and low birth weight. Furthermore, unhealthy air has been linked to neurological disorders, childhood obesity, and mental health problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In addition, soil pollution not only has a negative impact on agricultural production and the quality of agricultural products but also affects human and animal health. Contaminated soil directly affects human health through direct contact with the soil or through the respiratory tract due to the evaporation of soil pollutants. Soil pollution can come from nature. Natural soil pollution can include soil contaminated with alum, salinity, drought, etc., affecting the life of animals and plants. Soil pollution also affects the development of ecosystems. Pollutants often change the process of plant metabolism, causing a reduction in crop yields. Polluted soil, poor plant growth, so soil protection against erosion is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n According to a United Nations report, approximately 135 billion tons of soil have been lost from arable land since the Industrial Revolution, and since it takes thousands of years to form soil, urgent protection and restoration of soils is urgently needed. Soil pollution affects above- and below-ground biodiversity in two main ways. The number of organisms may decrease due to toxicity caused by contaminants, but changes can also be observed at the community level where tolerant or resistant organisms benefit compared to those sensitive to the contaminants. It has also been observed that exposure to certain trace elements can induce resistance in soil microorganisms and also promote resistance to antimicrobials (Heydari, 2020). In addition, soil contaminants can enter the food chain and cause disease and death in soil, terrestrial (including humans) and aquatic organisms. Loss of biodiversity and biomass thus leads to a reduction in organic matter and changes in nutrient inputs and cycling. This affects the primary productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems and leads to an overall loss of soil ecosystem services. In addition, contaminated soils become a source of pollution to groundwater, through leaching of contaminants, and to freshwater and marine environments, as contaminants can be transported away from the site through wind and water erosion. These changes can be gradual or remain inert until an inflection point occurs when severe degradation occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Water pollution is becoming a serious problem, deeply affecting both ecosystems and human health. According to a study by the World Bank, approximately 1.36 million deaths globally are recorded each year due to water pollution. Water pollution is becoming a serious problem, deeply affecting both ecosystems and human health. According to a study by the World Bank, approximately 1.36 million deaths globally are recorded each year due to water pollution. In Vietnam, water pollution in rural areas is increasing, with many people lacking access to clean water, leading to increased rates of water-related diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Water pollution not only affects human health but also damages ecosystems. Nearly 80% of total industrial and urban wastewater globally is discharged untreated, degrading water quality and threatening the lives of many aquatic species. Aquatic ecosystems are severely affected, with many marine animals and plants unable to survive in the polluted environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Environmental pollution is causing serious impacts on the global ecosystem. Industrial waste, plastic waste, emissions from vehicles and manufacturing activities pollute the air, soil and water, causing many species of animals and plants to lose their habitat. Pollutants accumulate in the bodies of animals, thereby directly affecting the food chain, causing biodiversity loss and ecological imbalance. Many ecosystems such as forests, seas and wetlands are being degraded due to the intrusion of these pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pollution also has clear negative impacts on human health. Dust and fine particles in the air cause respiratory diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and cardiovascular diseases. Water pollution increases infectious diseases, such as cholera, dysentery, and malaria, caused by bacteria and viruses in wastewater. Furthermore, toxic substances in food, from the use of pesticides or heavy metals, can accumulate in the human body, causing cancers, neurological disorders, and reproductive problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To protect the ecosystem and human health, effective measures to manage and reduce pollution are needed. Waste reduction, the use of renewable energy, and the protection of forests and natural resources are urgent solutions. Furthermore, every citizen needs to raise awareness of the importance of environmental protection and take environmental protection actions in daily life, from recycling waste to reducing the use of products that are harmful to the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[59,64,43],"class_list":["post-3321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog","tag-chuyen-doi-sinh-thai-xa-hoi","tag-netzero","tag-setycamp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3321"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3325,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3321\/revisions\/3325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-14.png\")
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Environmental pollution: How have ecosystems and humans changed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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