\u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2021 gi\u1eefa Nam Phi v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Hoa K\u1ef3, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb COP 26 \u1edf Glasgow, Anh. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u1ee9a cung c\u1ea5p g\u00f3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 8,5 t\u1ef7 USD cho Nam Phi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Indonesia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c g\u1ed3m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Hoa K\u1ef3, Canada, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Italia, Na Uy, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (G20) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2022 t\u1ea1i Bali, Indonesia, v\u1edbi g\u00f3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 20 t\u1ef7 USD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/2022 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Hoa K\u1ef3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p, \u00dd, Canada, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Na Uy, v\u1edbi g\u00f3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 15,5 t\u1ef7 USD. Ng\u00e0y 14\/12\/2022, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (International Partners Group – IPG) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (Just Energy Transition Partnership – JETP). Tham gia v\u00e0o IPG g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Italy, Canada, Na Uy v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Sau Nam Phi v\u00e0 Indonesia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp JETP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n JETP \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 26 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (COP26)<\/em> \u1edf Glasgow, theo \u0111\u00f3 Nam Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU h\u1ee9a t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 8,5 t\u1ef7 USD. Sau Nam Phi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 JETP v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m Indonesia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/2023) v\u00e0 Senegal. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 G7 s\u1ebd tham gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tham gia JETP \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 4 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, hay ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia; Cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; C\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb JETP trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1edd JETP, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 JETP gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than Indonesia \u201cngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u s\u1edbm\u201d: Theo t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m do UNDP th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Indonesia l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u than l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Indonesia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m “Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 carbon th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu 2050” v\u00e0 “K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia”. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong “\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng” n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a Indonesia h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 23% v\u00e0o 2025, 31% v\u00e0o 2050; d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 25% v\u00e0o 2025, d\u01b0\u1edbi 20% v\u00e0o 2050; than t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 30% v\u00e0o 2025, 25% v\u00e0o 2050; kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 22% v\u00e0o 2025 v\u00e0 24% v\u00e0o 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3, JETP \u1edf Indonesia nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 xanh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a JETP s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (JETP) ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 15,5 t\u1ef7 USD t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong v\u00f2ng 3-5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xanh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a UNDP, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n JETP, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n JETP nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i lu\u1eadt h\u00f3a Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp JETP, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban Th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh JETP s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 30% \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, t\u1eeb 240 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2 xu\u1ed1ng 170 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2, \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 5 n\u0103m, \u1edf m\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2030; gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n than c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 37 GW theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 30,2 GW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n JETP c\u0169ng gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfm 47% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 (so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 36%). Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 500 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n (m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda giga t\u1ea5n) t\u1eeb gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nam Phi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNDP \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi trong t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 Nam Phi. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2021 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2020 – 2025. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nam Phi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o than. Trong t\u1ed5ng ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p n\u0103m 2018, than chi\u1ebfm 65%, d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 (nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) 18%, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t 3%, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 2%, \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t 1% v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o 11%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, Nam Phi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p quy m\u00f4 khai th\u00e1c than c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than. Trong n\u0103m 2022 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Nam Phi b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean sa th\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng trong ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb d\u1eebng m\u00e1y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i do c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n; ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n Nam Phi kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nam Phi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. JETP c\u1ee7a Nam Phi bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (\u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3, pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef); t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 m\u1ecf than ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, sinh k\u1ebf, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec1. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) (c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c EV, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng sang EV) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hydro xanh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u hydro xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Indonesia v\u00e0 Nam Phi cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n —————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Just Energy Transition Partnership <\/strong>(JETP)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The \u201cJust Energy Transition Partnership\u201d (JETP) is a financial cooperation mechanism established in recent years to support a number of emerging economies that are heavily dependent on coal to make a just transition. The aim is to support these countries to determine their own roadmaps away from coal production and consumption and towards clean energy, with a focus on addressing the social impacts of the energy transition, such as training and creating alternative jobs for affected workforces and bringing new economic opportunities to affected communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The first Just Energy Transition Partnership was established in November 2021 between South Africa and a group of international partners including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany and the European Union at COP 26 in Glasgow, England, with the international partners pledging to provide a financial package of US$8.5 billion to South Africa. The second Just Energy Transition Partnership was between Indonesia and its partners including Japan, the United States, Canada, Denmark, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Norway and the United Kingdom, announced at the G20 Summit in November 2022 in Bali, Indonesia, with a financial package of US$20 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vietnam is the third country to establish the Just Energy Transition Partnership in December 2022 with international partners including the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Denmark and Norway, with a financial package of 15.5 billion USD. On December 14, 2022, Vietnam and the International Partners Group (IPG) launched the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). The IPG includes Denmark, Germany, France, the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Canada, Norway and the United States. After South Africa and Indonesia, Vietnam is the third country to reach an agreement to establish JETP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The first JETP was announced at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) <\/em>in Glasgow, with South Africa receiving a pledge of $8.5 billion from France, Germany, the UK, the US and the EU. South Africa will be followed by JETPs with other countries, including Indonesia, Vietnam, India (expected in July 2023) and Senegal. While the entire G7 will be involved in negotiations for each partnership, there will be two lead coordinating countries for each potential partnership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Developed countries will consider and invest in JETP projects in developing countries. These projects must meet four objectives: Promote renewable energy development, or energy savings and efficiency, contribute to the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, as well as ensure national energy security; Provide clear economic and social benefits to communities, businesses and\/or workers affected by the energy transition; Catalyze and encourage additional investment from JETP in the future; Have a clear positive impact on a just energy transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thanks to JETP, participating countries have achieved the following results:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n JETP investment helps Indonesian coal plants \u201cretire early\u201d: According to a review of experiences conducted by UNDP, Indonesia is the world\u2019s largest coal exporter, investing in many coal power plants, leading to overcapacity in some parts of the country. Indonesia has various climate change policies, including the \u201cLong-term Low Carbon and Climate Resilience Strategy 2050\u201d and the \u201cNational Energy Master Plan\u201d. In addition to the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in Indonesia\u2019s 2022 \u201cEnhanced Nationally Determined Contribution\u201d to increase the share of renewable energy in the primary energy mix to at least 23% by 2025, 31% by 2050; oil must be below 25% by 2025, below 20% by 2050; coal must be at least 30% by 2025, 25% by 2050; gas at least 22% by 2025 and 24% by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n From that objective, JETP in Indonesia aims to support policy reforms, help the Government facilitate green finance and investment and strengthen the regulatory framework. JETP investments will mainly be loans to the Government or to businesses and guaranteed by the Government. Public sector financing will aim to promote private sector investment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vietnam:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In Vietnam, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) will initially mobilize US$15.5 billion from public and private sources over the next 3-5 years to support Vietnam\u2019s green transition. According to UNDP, in the process of establishing and implementing JETP, Vietnam is facing many challenges in ensuring energy security along with ensuring equity. Along with that is the requirement to amend laws, socio-economic policies, and technology to meet the requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vietnam is taking necessary measures to implement JETP such as legalizing the Political Declaration establishing JETP, establishing a Secretariat and developing a Resource Mobilization Plan with the participation of the entire political system and Government, as well as the participation of other stakeholders. The JETP program will support Vietnam towards a number of ambitious new targets. Specifically, reducing peak emissions in the power sector by a maximum of 30% by 2030, from 240 million tons of CO2 to 170 million tons of CO2, bringing the peak of greenhouse gas emissions forward by 5 years, to 2030; reducing Vietnam’s coal power capacity from the current planned 37 GW to 30.2 GW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n JETP will also help Vietnam accelerate its renewable energy deployment, with renewables accounting for 47% of total electricity generation by 2030 (up from the current planned 36%). Successfully achieving these ambitious targets would reduce emissions by around 500 million tonnes (half a gigaton) between now and 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n South Africa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The third country mentioned by UNDP in its experience review is South Africa. This country has a Climate Change Bill and climate change policies. The first update of the Nationally Determined Contribution in 2021 indicates that emissions will be significantly lower in 2030 than in 2015 and that greenhouse gas emissions will peak between 2020 and 2025. Meanwhile, South Africa’s economy and energy system are heavily dependent on coal. Of the total primary energy supply in 2018, coal accounted for 65%, crude oil (imported) 18%, gas 3%, nuclear 2%, geothermal 1% and renewables 11%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n South Africa is currently facing social upheaval due to power outages, coal mining downsizing, and coal-fired power plant shutdowns. In 2022 and continuing to this day, South Africa has been experiencing severe power shortages, with frequent load shedding and rolling blackouts. The main causes are corruption in the energy sector, especially in the construction investment sector; some coal-fired power plants have been shut down, while others have been down for extended periods due to delayed maintenance; in addition, from 2014 to 2022, the South African electricity sector has not signed any new contracts to develop renewable energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n South Africa has developed an Investment Plan and is developing an Implementation Plan. South Africa\u2019s JETP includes investments to decommission coal-fired power plants; develop renewable energy production (solar, wind, battery storage); enhance transmission grid infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy; and modernize the electricity distribution system. The plan also includes investments in human resources, focusing on areas with decommissioned coal power plants and coal mines, where there are support activities to deploy clean technologies, local infrastructure, livelihoods, enterprises, support for job creation and vocational skills training. The electric vehicle (EV) sector (EV manufacturing and charging infrastructure, conversion of public transport to EV) will be of interest and support. Support will also be provided for the development of green hydrogen to decarbonize large emission-producing industries and become a green hydrogen exporter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Partnership for a Just Energy Transition, as seen in Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa, demonstrates the great potential for promoting sustainable development and environmental protection. By creating cooperation programs, sharing technology and providing financial support, these three countries can build a model for a just energy transition that not only improves people\u2019s lives but also contributes to the global goal of sustainable development, towards a fair and civilized society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng” (JETP) l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111ang l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o than \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions\/3310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-10-1024x576.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n