{"id":3273,"date":"2024-08-06T15:59:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T08:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/?p=3273"},"modified":"2025-09-19T11:25:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T04:25:42","slug":"nang-luong-tai-tao-xu-the-moi-cua-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/nang-luong-tai-tao-xu-the-moi-cua-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u00c1I T\u1ea0O: XU TH\u1ebe M\u1edaI C\u1ee6A TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eb1m n\u1eafm b\u1eaft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xanh, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<English below><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1, \u0110i\u1ec1u 43 Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 2014 nh\u01b0 sau: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Panwar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/td>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n <\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n, kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4 n\u00f3ng <\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, b\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td>Quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng<\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, c\u1ed1i xay gi\u00f3, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng)<\/td><\/tr>
N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng)<\/td>Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eadp, d\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Panwar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2011)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc (Biofuels) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, d\u1ea7u d\u1eeba,…), ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c (l\u00faa m\u00ec, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng…), ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, ph\u00e2n…), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (m\u00f9n c\u01b0a, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i…).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Diesel sinh h\u1ecdc (Biodiesel)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 X\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc (Biogasoline)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc (Biogas)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Etanol;       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 D\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 D\u1ea7u diesel xanh;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 X\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 D\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ete sinh h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i r\u1eafn .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong> g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed hydrocacbon, hydro, methanol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay chi\u1ebfm 50% t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf 25% t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IRENA) v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 150 EJ sinh kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng \u00be so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2019. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c bon h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 m\u00eda, l\u00faa m\u00ec, l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch, ng\u00f4, khoai t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 d\u1eeba), nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a lignocellulose (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u1ea7u m\u00e8, s\u1eafn, c\u1ecf switchgrass, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 r\u01a1m) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sinh kh\u1ed1i. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t (MSW). \u0110\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf sang d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sinh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 vi t\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba. Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, sinh kh\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch). Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (2014), Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 55\/2014\/QH13: Lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C., & Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1513\u20131524.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. H\u1ed3ng L\u00ea, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qua bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/em>, https:\/\/ipvietnam.gov.vn\/sach-tap-chi-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\/-\/asset_publisher\/5hGA1SMJFnhf\/content\/xu-huong-bao-ho-sang-che-trong-linh-vuc-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc?inheritRedirect=false#:~:text=Nhi%C3%AAn%20li%E1%BB%87u%20sinh%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%20(Biofuels,g%E1%BB%97%20th%E1%BA%A3i…)<\/a>, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Qu\u1ef3nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Y\u1ebfn, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n nay,<\/em> T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 2\/2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    Renewable energy: New trend of the world<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    In the context of the world facing climate change and increasing energy demand, the transition to renewable energy has become one of the important goals to ensure energy security, reduce emissions from fossil energy sources, and move towards the use of more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Many countries and businesses around the world have been making efforts to catch up with this trend, focusing on developing suitable infrastructure to exploit renewable energy. In order to grasp this trend, the Government has developed and issued many energy development strategies, including the Power Plan VIII, with the goal of increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the total national power generation capacity. Renewable energy is becoming a global trend in developing a green, clean and environmentally friendly economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    The definition of renewable energy was once stipulated in Clause 1, Article 43 of the Law on Environmental Protection 2014 as follows: Renewable energy is energy exploited from water, wind, sunlight, geothermal energy, ocean waves, biofuels and other renewable energy resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Renewable energy plays an important role in many aspects of life, helping to protect the environment, helping to reduce toxic emissions that pollute the environment, thereby combating climate change and global warming. In addition, renewable energy provides reliable energy sources, ensuring sufficient energy supply for human needs. At the same time, in terms of economic benefits, renewable energy helps reduce the need for imported fuel, while cutting financial costs related to environmental waste treatment as with fossil energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Renewable energy can be classified as follows:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Electric energy <\/strong>: includes wind power, solar power, biogas power, hydropower, geothermal power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    According to the study by Panwar et al., he listed the renewable energies used in power generation and their uses as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Renewable energy sources<\/strong><\/td>How to use energy<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    Hydroelectric<\/td>Electricity generation<\/td><\/tr>
    Bioenergy<\/td>Heat and power generation, pyrolysis, gasification, digestion<\/td><\/tr>
    Geothermal energy<\/td>Urban heating, power generation, hydrothermal, hot dry ice<\/td><\/tr>
    Solar energy<\/td>Home solar system, solar dryer, solar cooker<\/td><\/tr>
    Direct solar energy<\/td>Photovoltaic, thermoelectric, water heater<\/td><\/tr>
    Wind energy<\/td>Electricity generation, wind generators, windmills, water pumps Ocean energy (tidal and wave)<\/td><\/tr>
    Ocean energy (tides and waves)<\/td>Multiple designs, dams, tidal streams<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    (Source: Panwar et al., 2011)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Biofuel energy <\/strong>includes biofuel energy derived from animals and biofuel energy derived from plants. Biofuels is a term used to refer to energy sources formed from compounds of animal and plant origin (animal fat, coconut oil, etc.), cereals (wheat, soybeans, etc.), agricultural waste (straw, manure, etc.), industrial waste products (sawdust, waste wood products, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Biofuels can be classified into the following main groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biodiesel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biogasoline<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biogas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    More specifically, biofuels are classified as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Ethanol;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biodiesel;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Other biofuels;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Green diesel;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biofuel;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Vegetable oil;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biological ether;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Biogas;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Synthesis gas;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2022 Solid biomass fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Biogas energy <\/strong>includes hydrocarbon gas energy, hydrogen, methanol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bioenergy today accounts for 50% of the global renewable energy use. Bioenergy can replace 25% of the total energy supply in the world by 2050 according to the scenario of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) with a supply capacity of 150 EJ of biomass or an increase of 3\/4 compared to the level of 2019. Bioenergy plays an important role in reducing emissions, storing carbon towards the goal of net zero emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    There are three types of biofuels, namely first, second, and third generation. First generation biofuels are fuels converted from food crops (such as sugarcane, wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, soybeans, sunflowers, and coconuts), second generation biofuels are made from lignocellulosic materials (i.e. jatropha, cassava, switchgrass, wood, and straw) and biomass wastes. Second generation biofuels are made from surplus biomass and wastes such as from agriculture and forestry, construction and industrial waste, and municipal waste (MSW). This is a promising solution to reduce environmental problems related to emissions, by converting waste from a discarded form to a useful form of bioenergy. Another type of biomass, called microalgae, is used as a feedstock for third generation biofuels. This feedstock has a high potential to produce large amounts of lipids suitable for biodiesel production. Additionally, this fast-growing biomass can be directly applied to produce a variety of biofuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    It can be seen that renewable energy sources are gradually being discovered and replacing traditional energy sources (fossil fuels). In the future, its potential and development trend will become the mainstream and attract the attention of all countries in the world. Because the development of renewable energy is essential to ensure energy security, contribute to sustainable socio-economic development, protect the environment and respond to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. National Assembly (2014), Law No. 55\/2014\/QH13: Law on Environmental Protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Panwar, N.L., Kaushik, S.C., & Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1513\u20131524.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Hong Le, Biofuel Technology: Analysis through patent charts <\/em>, https:\/\/ipvietnam.gov.vn\/sach-tap-chi-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao\/-\/asset_publisher\/5hGA1SMJFnhf\/content\/xu-huong-bao-ho-sang-che-trong-linh-vuc-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc?inheritRedirect=false#:~:text=Nhi%C3%AAn%20li%E1%BB%87u%20sinh%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%20(Biofuels,g%E1%BB%97%20th%E1%BA%A3i…) <\/a>, accessed August 16, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Nguyen Thi Quynh Huong, Nguyen Hai Yen, Bioenergy from waste: Current conversion technologies, <\/em>Environment Magazine, No. 2\/2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[59,64,43],"class_list":["post-3273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog","tag-chuyen-doi-sinh-thai-xa-hoi","tag-netzero","tag-setycamp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3273"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3280,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3273\/revisions\/3280"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}