{"id":3254,"date":"2024-06-12T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/?p=3254"},"modified":"2025-09-19T11:25:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T04:25:19","slug":"thue-carbon-tren-the-gioi-duoc-ap-dung-ra-sao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/thue-carbon-tren-the-gioi-duoc-ap-dung-ra-sao\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ebf carbon tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ra sao?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eebng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1edfi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. V\u1eady c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<English below><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\/2021, m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf carbon \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi 73,02 USD\/t\u1ea5n CO2. Ti\u1ebfp sau Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Na Uy \u2013 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ebf carbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 69 USD\/t\u1ea5n CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u0103ng, thu\u1ebf carbon c\u1ee7a Na Uy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ireland b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i\u2026 M\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 15 EUR (17 USD)\/t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 2011 l\u00ean 20 EUR (23 USD)\/t\u1ea5n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Ph\u00e1p, thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 01\/4\/2014, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 7 EUR (8 USD)\/t\u1ea5n CO2, t\u0103ng l\u00ean 24 EUR (27 USD)\/t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016. Ng\u00e0y 22\/7\/2015, Ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xanh, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf carbon cho n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 2030 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 56 EUR (62 USD)\/t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 100 EUR\/t\u1ea5n (110 USD\/t\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t 4,94 GBP (7 USD)\/t\u1ea5n CO2, t\u0103ng l\u00ean 18,08 GBP (26 USD)\/t\u1ea5n CO2 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 01\/2015. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016 – 2017 v\u00e0 2017 – 2018, m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 21,2 GBP (30 USD) v\u00e0 24,62 GBP (35 USD) m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n CO2.  T\u1ea1i \u00dac, thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01\/7\/2012 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t 26 USD\/t\u1ea5n CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u0103m 2023, Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n EU \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi carbon (CBAM), theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon. Theo \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00ed n\u00e0o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2025. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a EU ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a g\u1ed3m: xi m\u0103ng, s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, nh\u00f4m, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon cao, chi\u1ebfm 94% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2016, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 2 l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb 20 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 40 n\u01b0\u1edbc, so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2012. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon kho\u1ea3ng 7 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm 12% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 1 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 0,5 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, methanol, naphtha, butan; kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng; nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 than b\u00f9n, than \u0111\u00e1\u2026 M\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t thu\u1ebf carbon dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 1 – 130 USD\/t\u1ea5n CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Th\u00e1i Lan \u00e1p thu\u1ebf carbon t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12\/9\/2023. C\u1ee5c Thu\u1ebf Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3i ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed carbon trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbon (CO2) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 3 USD\/t\u1ea5n CO2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 carbon th\u1ea5p. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon; Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c (PBOC) thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Thu\u1ebf carbon c\u1ee7a Costa Rica \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 1\/4 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu 26,5 tri\u1ec7u USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chi tr\u1ea3 cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Colombia \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh thu h\u01a1n 250 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2017-2020 t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf carbon v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 1\/4 doanh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:  M\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eadm – Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0u v\u00e0ng – Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: worldbank.org)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eebng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1edfi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i, thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c bon \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cung – c\u1ea7u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c bon s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u00e2y ra cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; quan t\u00e2m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y doanh nghi\u1ec7p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1edfi n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t – kinh doanh, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 12 c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n thu quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c bon \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u00f3i chung (M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 8, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1  vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. V\u1ec1 m\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1ebf carbon khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u00e0ng khi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec thu\u1ebf carbon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. World Bank (2022), State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2022. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing; https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/37455 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Loan (2023), Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, B\u1ea3n tin Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbon, s\u1ed1 33 n\u0103m 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng – T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (tapchitaichinh.vn)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

——————–o0o——————–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How is carbon tax applied around the world?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Within reducing greenhouse gas emissions goal, countries have applied carbon taxes as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carbon taxes have been applied in many countries around the world, of which the first country to implement a carbon tax was Finland in 1990. As of April 2021, the carbon tax rate in this country is up to 73.02 USD\/ton of CO2. Finland was followed by Sweden and Norway – two countries that implemented a carbon tax in 1991, with a tax of 69 USD\/ton of CO2 used in gasoline, Norway’s carbon tax is ranked among the strictest best in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ireland started applying a carbon tax in 2010 for all CO2 emissions from non-commercial sectors such as agriculture, transportation, heat in buildings, waste… The tax rate increased from 15 EUR (17 USD). )\/ton in 2010 and 2011 to 20 EUR (23 USD)\/ton from 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In France, the carbon tax took effect on April 1, 2014, with a tax rate of 7 EUR (8 USD)\/ton CO2, increasing to 24 EUR (27 USD)\/ton in 2016. July 22\/ In 2015, France officially passed the Energy Law towards green growth, adding carbon tax rates for 2020 and 2030 of 56 EUR (62 USD)\/ton and 100 EUR\/ton (110 USD\/ton), respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UK has applied a carbon tax since 2013, with a tax rate of 4.94 GBP (7 USD)\/ton of CO2, increasing to 18.08 GBP (26 USD)\/ton of CO2 in January 2015. By 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018, the tax rate increased to 21.2 GBP (30 USD) and 24.62 GBP (35 USD) per ton of CO2, respectively. In Australia, the carbon tax was applied from July 1, 2012, and maintained at a tax rate of 26 USD\/ton CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2023, the EU Parliament voted to adopt the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which would levy a tax on all imports from countries that do not have carbon pricing mechanisms. Under the proposal, importers would have to report the emissions of their imports without having to pay an adjustment fee during a transition period from 2023 to the end of 2025. This would allow time for the final system to be implemented in 2026. The EU mechanism would initially apply to imports of goods including cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, and electricity. These are high-leakage and carbon-emitting sectors, accounting for 94% of the EU’s industrial emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2016, the number of countries applying carbon tax tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions increased about 2 times, from 20 countries to nearly 40 countries, compared to 2012. The amount of emissions subject to carbon pricing is about 7 percent billion tons\/year, accounting for 12% of total global emissions. China and the United States are the two countries with the world’s largest carbon pricing emissions, at 1 billion tons and 0.5 billion tons, respectively. Taxable objects are mainly motor fuels such as gasoline, oil, methanol, naphtha, and butane; liquefied petroleum gas; Burning fuels such as peat, and coal… Carbon tax rates range from 1 – 130 USD\/ton CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Asian countries, Thailand will impose a carbon tax from September 12, 2023. The Thai Tax Department is studying measures to impose a carbon tax on goods and services that emit large amounts of carbon in the context that several other countries have begun to apply this tax. Accordingly, tax authorities will provide clear measures and tax rates for products related to carbon (CO2) emissions during the production process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A carbon tax is applied by Japan to all fuels, except the agriculture – forestry, air transport, railway, and maritime sectors, with a tax rate of only 3 USD\/ton of CO2 equivalent and this tax is officially regulated. The Japanese government uses it to invest in developing low-carbon technology. Meanwhile, other countries in the same region such as South Korea are also considering applying a carbon tax; China is increasingly promoting the development of the carbon market through emission reduction support tools established by the Central Bank of China (PBOC), specifically providing preferential loans to businesses in three areas: clean energy, energy saving, and emission reduction technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Particularly for tropical countries, carbon taxation is a tool with great potential to reduce deforestation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect biodiversity. Costa Rica’s carbon tax has helped protect and restore lands in one-quarter of the country since 1997 and generates $26.5 million in revenue each year. This is paid by the government to farmers and landowners who commit to protecting or restoring rainforest on their property. Meanwhile, Colombia collected more than $250 million in revenue between 2017 and 2020 from its carbon tax, and more than a quarter of the revenue went to environmental activities such as reducing deforestation and monitoring protected areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Carbon taxes are applied in countries around the world<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Note: Dark blue – Carbon tax is being applied;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yellow – Carbon tax is being considered, proposed)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Source: worldbank.org)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investing back in forests from carbon taxes is considered a common direction for countries because protecting and restoring forests not only improves forest quality but also increases the ability to absorb and store carbon and reduce GHG. A carbon tax has the effect of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, if applied over a long period, carbon taxes can generate significant budget revenue for countries. Governments can use revenue from carbon taxes to support and encourage businesses to use clean energy or implement measures to adapt to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, carbon tax plays an important role in encouraging the consumption of environmentally safe products. The state’s implementation of increasing taxes on polluting products and reducing taxes or no taxes on environmentally friendly products will contribute to improving supply and demand in a direction that is beneficial to the environment. Using carbon tax tools will help limit the adverse impacts caused by our production and consumption activities on the environment; pay attention to applying advanced production technologies to reduce the discharge of toxic substances into the environment; Promote businesses to research and apply clean technology to production, research and use raw materials to replace fossil raw materials to produce environmentally friendly products, and replace products that pollute the environment. At the same time, it helps increase the efficiency of resource use because it directly impacts the economic benefits of individual businesses, so when conducting production – business, and consumption, entities must consider natural resources such as how to use resources most economically and effectively without affecting profits through regularly improving technology and controlling pollution (towards goal number 12 of the Global Agenda on development until 2030). This is also one of the important sources of revenue for the state budget to create resources for environmental management, regeneration, and protection activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, it can be seen that carbon tax plays an important role in environmentally sustainable development, not only helping environmentally sustainable development nations but also contributing towards stability and sustainability on the budget in particular and sustainable economic development in general (Goals 8 and 9 of the Global Agenda for Development to 2030).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, carbon tax use also causes a lot of controversy, especially an increase in goods price or affecting the competitiveness of exported goods. In energy transition, although the carbon tax encourages businesses to switch to clean energy sources, this takes time and requires large investments from businesses. In addition, a carbon tax introduction also raises concerns that the market method of carbon pricing could lead to inefficient allocation of emission rights. High prices of goods also put pressure on shoppers when prices change because of the carbon tax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, developing and applying a carbon tax is still a choice for countries in the process of reducing net emissions to zero. Developing and applying a carbon tax requires careful consideration to ensure sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. World Bank (2022), State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2022. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing; https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/37455 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Vu Thi Loan (2023), Trends in carbon tax application and lessons for Vietnam, Policy Bulletin: Carbon Market, No. 33, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Finance Magazine, Applying carbon tax contributes to sustainable development – Finance Magazine (tapchitaichinh.vn) <\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eebng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1edfi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 t\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[66,59,64,43],"class_list":["post-3254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog","tag-carbontax","tag-chuyen-doi-sinh-thai-xa-hoi","tag-netzero","tag-setycamp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3254"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3256,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254\/revisions\/3256"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}