{"id":3250,"date":"2024-06-12T05:50:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T22:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/?p=3250"},"modified":"2025-09-19T11:25:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T04:25:05","slug":"thue-carbon-trong-viec-thuc-day-giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/thue-carbon-trong-viec-thuc-day-giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ebf carbon trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Carbon tax in promoting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong> <English below><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydrocacbon (bao g\u1ed3m than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng carbon dioxide (CO2) \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i khi lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. CO2 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh cho hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng “nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh” gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, thu\u1ebf carbon ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb carbon b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean carbon (than, d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO2 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. C\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n CO2 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c do ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 g\u00e2y ra cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Thu\u1ebf carbon s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i “thu\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m”. Thu\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cacbon, bao g\u1ed3m than, d\u1ea7u, x\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 carbon dioxide v\u00e0 metan, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u carbon ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu do th\u1ea3i carbon dioxide v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng carbon v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n

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(Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf carbon: Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, do gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh. Do v\u1eady, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf carbon nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf carbon th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 carbon cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u201ct\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d b\u1edfi thu\u1ebf carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf carbon: Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 g\u00e2y ra, ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cxanh\u201d. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ebf carbon c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi thu\u1ebf carbon do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c mua c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbon tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n. Thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed x\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, EU \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Carbon (CBAM). Trong \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ebf carbon l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 1 trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p trong CBAM nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 carbon sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo CBAM, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 carbon l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a carbon ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o EU. Ngo\u00e0i ra, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n do xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Carbon<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u00e1p gi\u00e1 carbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf carbon, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. Hai l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i (ETS), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. Trong hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, thu\u1ebf carbon d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. Thu\u1ebf carbon c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng doanh thu cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, thu\u1ebf carbon \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ETS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2023, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a CBAM v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 carbon sang khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, CBAM s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf carbon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c EU d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o EU theo C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf CBAM c\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mua ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 CBAM. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ETS EU. Nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong EU c\u1ea7n k\u00ea khai h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 giao n\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 carbon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, CBAM s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 carbon cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng, s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, nh\u00f4m, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, Hydrogen v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 94% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a EU. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2025, \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CBAM v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi sang nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp\u201d, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a CBAM t\u1ea1i EU s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mua gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CBAM. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ETS c\u1ee7a EU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u20ac\/t\u1ea5n CO2 th\u1ea3i ra. Ngay sau khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1\/1\/2026, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 khai b\u00e1o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o EU trong n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 31\/5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Theo \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 CBAM t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh CBAM c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a CBAM ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i EU. N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, CBAM s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u00edt gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng CBAM h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (2024), Carbon tax basics, <https:\/\/www.c2es.org\/content\/carbon-tax-basics\/<\/a>>, accessed on June 6th, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Carbon Tax Centre, What\u2019s carbon tax?, <https:\/\/www.carbontax.org\/whats-a-carbon-tax\/<\/a>>, accessed on June 6th, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu Hi\u1ec1n, Thu\u1ebf carbon – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng – C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, S\u1ed1 18(1), th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Vi\u1ec7t H\u1eb1ng, C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf CBAM c\u1ee7a EU v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, https:\/\/tapchicongthuong.vn\/magazine\/co-che-cbam-cua-eu-va-khuyen-nghi-giai-phap-cho-viet-nam-107633.htm<\/a>, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o 04 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Qu\u1ef3nh V\u00e2n, C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi carbon (CBAM) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam,\u00a0 https:\/\/vioit.org.vn\/vn\/chien-luoc-chinh-sach\/co-che-dieu-chinh-bien-gioi-carbon–cbam–va-nhung-tac-dong-den-xuat-khau-cua-viet-nam-5557.4050.html<\/a>, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ————————-o0o—————————–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carbon tax in promoting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Carbon is found in all hydrocarbon fuels (including coal, oil and natural gas) and is released as the harmful toxin carbon dioxide (CO2) when this fuel is burned. CO2 is the compound primarily responsible for the “greenhouse” effect that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and is therefore one of the main causes of global warming. Thus, the carbon tax was born to reduce carbon emissions by: being a fee for burning carbon-based fuels (coal, oil, gas). A tax indicates the amount of CO2 emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels. The fundamental basis of applying a carbon tax is to introduce an additional cost for each ton of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere to internalize the external costs caused by CO2 emissions to society. The carbon tax will be calculated to offset the social costs of CO2 emissions such as the cost of overcoming environmental problems. In other words, carbon taxes are designed to reduce or eliminate negative externalities from CO2 emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    (Source: Legal Magazine)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Thus, a carbon tax is a fee imposed on businesses and individuals that acts as a “pollution tax”. The tax applies to companies that burn carbon-based fuels, including coal, oil, gasoline and natural gas. Burning these fuels produces greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which heat the atmosphere and cause global warming. This is also a way to force carbon fuel users to compensate for climate damage caused by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A carbon tax is a powerful monetary incentive that promotes the shift to clean energy across the entire economy, simply making the switch to carbon-free fuels and energy efficiency becomes more economically beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Regarding the carbon tax exemption and reduction mechanism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Currently, fossil fuels are still the main source of energy supply in the world. Not only that, the use of fossil fuels also tends to increase, due to global population growth and the need to use energy for economic development. In that context, carbon taxation can cause certain obstacles to economic activities, because it increases investment, production, and business costs. Therefore, applying a carbon tax aims to reduce fossil fuel use in most fields and economic sectors, but at the same time, there must be support and incentives for certain fields and sectors determined so as not to hinder the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, the cases considered for carbon tax exemption or reduction are usually businesses in agriculture, forestry, small-scale power plants, sectors with a high risk of carbon leakage, and low-income resident groups in society that are vulnerable to carbon taxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Regarding the purpose of using carbon tax revenue:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Due to the purpose of the carbon tax, which is to offset the social costs caused by CO2 emissions, carbon tax money is used to reduce the phenomenon of global warming globally, promoting energy conservation and developing renewable energy and “green” energy. In many countries, a part of the carbon tax is also used to subsidize the poor, who are vulnerable to carbon taxes because they often have to spend more on fuel consumption or buy products that consume a lot of energy. This is seen as a measure to reduce emissions by making carbon-emitting fuels more expensive, thus it gives businesses a reason to be more energy efficient and save money. The carbon tax is expected to increase the cost of gasoline and electricity, thus giving consumers a reason to switch to clean energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To cut carbon emissions to cope with the impacts of climate change, the EU has announced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)<\/em>. The carbon tax is considered one of the measures in CBAM to prevent carbon leakage to other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    According to CBAM, carbon leakage is the \u201cmovement\u201d of carbon abroad, which occurs when products produced in jurisdictions with less stringent environmental policies, cheaper prices, and currently preferred, are imported into the EU. It is also due to the trend of shifting production to regions with lower carbon prices. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is therefore an attempt by governments to ensure that imports are charged a carbon price equivalent to the price paid by domestic producers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Currently, at the national level, there are two common forms of carbon pricing. One is the carbon tax applied to each ton of emissions. The second is the Emissions Trading System (ETS)<\/em>, also known as cap and trade. Of these two forms, carbon taxes are easier to understand and administer. A carbon tax also provides price certainty and helps increase government revenue. However, politically, a carbon tax is less popular than an ETS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In October 2023, the European Union (EU) began the transition period of CBAM in certain sectors to encourage the reduction of CO2 emissions and prevent the risk of carbon leakage to other areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In essence, CBAM will impose a carbon tax on all goods imported into EU markets based on the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions in the production process in the host country. Regarding the specific mechanism, importers of goods into the EU under the CBAM Mechanism need to register with the domestic management agency and purchase a CBAM certificate. The certificate’s price is based on the weekly emission credit price of the EU ETS importers within the EU need to declare the emissions content of imported goods and submit the corresponding number of credits each year. If the importer can prove that a carbon price was paid when producing the imported goods, the corresponding emissions can be deducted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In the first phase, CBAM will focus on commodity groups with the highest risk of carbon leakage: cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, Hydrogen, and Electricity. These account for 94% of the EU’s industrial emissions. At the end of the Mechanism’s transition period in 2025, the European Commission will review the CBAM’s work and may expand its scope to more products and services, including the value chain, and possibly may include \u201cindirect emissions,\u201d such as carbon emissions from using electricity to produce goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Once fully implemented in 2026, importers of goods covered by CBAM in the EU will need to purchase CBAM certificates. The price of the certificates will be calculated depending on the weekly average auction price of EU ETS subsidies expressed in \u20ac\/tonne of CO2 emitted. As soon as this system comes into force on January 1, 2026, importers will be obliged to declare the number of goods imported into the EU in the previous year and the amount of emissions produced during the production. The report needs to be sent before May 31 every year. Accordingly, the corresponding number of CBAM credits will be calculated based on this data.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    CBAM Roadmap in European Union (EU)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (Source: Institute for Industry and Trade Strategy and Policy Research)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Accordingly, information on CO2 emissions with CBAM goods must be provided to EU-registered importers. If information is not available, importers can use the default value of CO2 emissions for the respective commodity to determine the number of credits to purchase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    On the positive side, CBAM will create direct incentives to reduce emissions for affected manufacturers. This impacts businesses in affected sectors to change directions with less emission reduction through the green growth strategy and emission reduction commitments in the country. However, on the other hand, the export value of the industries CBAM targets will be greatly affected, increasing pressure on businesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (2024), Carbon tax basics, < https:\/\/www.c2es.org\/content\/carbon-tax-basics\/ <\/a>>, accessed on June 6th, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Carbon Tax Center, What’s carbon tax?, < https:\/\/www.carbontax.org\/whats-a-carbon-tax\/ <\/a>>, accessed on June 6th, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Carbon tax – An effective economic tool in promoting greenhouse gas emission reduction, Industry and Trade Magazine – Results of scientific research and technological application, No. 18(1), May August 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Viet Hang, EU CBAM Mechanism and recommended solutions for Vietnam, https:\/\/tapchicongthuong.vn\/magazine\/co-che-cbam-cua-eu-va-khuyen-nghi-giai-phap-cho-viet -nam-107633.htm <\/a>, accessed July 4, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Truong Thi Quynh Van, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and impacts on Vietnam’s exports, https:\/\/vioit.org.vn\/vn\/chien-luoc-chinh-sach\/co-che- policy-change-carbon-world-cbam–and-tac-dong-to-exhaust-other-cua-viet-nam-5557.4050.html <\/a>, accessed July 4, 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Carbon tax in promoting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions <English below> Carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydrocacbon (bao g\u1ed3m than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng carbon dioxide (CO2) \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i khi lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. CO2 l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[65,64,43],"class_list":["post-3250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blog","tag-cacbontax","tag-netzero","tag-setycamp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3250"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3253,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3250\/revisions\/3253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/setycamp.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}